Vol. S14 — Supplemento S14 2009

• History of Nephrology: a process confronted with changing times and of those who practiced it
  

  Natale G. De Santo¹, Guido Bellinghieri², Alain Touwaide³, Shaul G. Massry⁴, Vincenzo Savica², Garabed Eknoyan⁵

  (1) First Division of Nephrology, Second University of Naples, Naples - Italy
  (2) Department of Nephrology, University of Messina, Messina - Italy
  (3) Smithsonian Institution and Institute for the Preservation of Medical Traditions, Washington, DC - USA
  (4) Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California - USA
  (5) Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas - USA

• Armenian medicine and diseases of the kidney
  

  Garabed Eknoyan¹

  (1) Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas - USA

• Isaac Judaeus Israeli: a Jewish founder of the origins of nephrology
  

  Shaul G. Massry¹

  (1) Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California - USA

• Kidney dysfunction, from the Arabic to the Byzantine world in 11th and 12th century southern Italy
  

  Alain Touwaide¹

  (1) Smithsonian Institution and Institute for the Preservation of Medical Traditions, Washington, DC - USA

• Juxtaposition of Actuarius’ versus Galen’s ideas on renal physiology: the impact of 12 centuries
  

  Athanasios Diamandopoulos, Pavlos Goudas

• Practice, theory and authority in a Middle English medical text: “Barton’s Urines Which He Treated at Tilney”
  

  M. Teresa Tavormina¹

  (1) Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan - USA

• Ad vesice dolorem et ad eos qui urinam non faciunt (For bladder pain and when a person cannot urinate): nephrological di
  

  Maria A. D'Aronco¹

  (1) Department of Germanic and Romance Languages and Literatures, University of Udine, Udine - Italy

• Reception of uroscopy in Scandinavia
  

  Kirsten Jungersen¹

  (1) Medical Museion, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen - Denmark

• “De medicina et morbis” from De rerum naturis by Rabano Mauro
  

  Luigi Iorio¹, Daniela Mantella¹, Brunella Iorio¹

  (1) Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Saint Scolastic Hospital, Cassino - Italy

• Phosphorus: the philosopher’s stone discovered in 1669
  

  Vincenzo Savica¹, Domenico Santoro¹, Agostino Mallamace¹, Paolo Monardo¹, Paul A. Davis², Lorenzo A. Calò³, Maurizio Li Vecchi⁴, Ugo Muraca¹, Guido Bellinghieri¹

  (1) Department of Nephrology, University of Messina, Messina - Italy
  (2) Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, California - USA
  (3) Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padova, Padova - Italy
  (4) Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo - Italy

• Georg Philip Nenter and medicine “by notes” in the 18th century
  

  Luciana Bonfante¹, Angela D'Angelo¹, Georgios Komninos¹, Augusto Antonello¹

  (1) Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinical Nephrology, University of Padova, Padova - Italy

• Impotence in the 18th and 19th century: concepts of etiology and approaches to therapy
  

  Domenico Santoro¹, Vincenzo Savica¹, Ersilia Satta¹, Mariella Scaffidi², Agostino Mallamace¹, Maurizio Li Vecchi³, Guido Bellinghieri¹

  (1) Department of Nephrology, University of Messina, Messina - Italy
  (2) Institute of Oncology, University of Messina, Messina - Italy
  (3) Unit of Nephrology, University of Palermo, Palermo - Italy

• Beginning of modern concept of inflammation: the work of Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen and Julius Friedrich Cohnhe
  

  August Heidland¹, André Klassen¹, Katarina Sebekova², Udo Bahner³

  (1) Department of Internal Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg - Germany
  (2) Slovak Medical University, Bratislava - Slovakia
  (3) KfH-Kidney Centre, Würzburg - Germany

• Tadeusz Reichstein: from description of coffee aroma to discoveries of cortisone and aldosterone
  

  Boleslaw Rutkowski¹, Janusz Ostrowski²

  (1) Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk - Poland
  (2) Division of Nephrology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Wloclawek - Poland

• Water, from Gilgamesh Epic to Nobel Laureate Richard Feynman: a look into polywater and the memory of water
  

  Luca Salvatore De Santo¹, Carmela Bisaccia², Rosa Maria De Santo³

  (1) Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Foggia, Foggia - Italy
  (2) Istituto Mazzini, Naples - Italy
  (3) Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Filosofici, Naples - Italy

• The nature of water: greek thought from Homer to Acusilaos
  

  Rosa Maria De Santo¹, Carmela Bisaccia², Massimo Cirillo³, Rosa Maria Pollastro³, Ilaria Raiola³, Luca Salvatore De Santo⁴

  (1) Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Filosofici, Naples - Italy
  (2) Istituto Mazzini, Naples - Italy
  (3) First Chair of Nephrology, Second University of Naples, Naples - Italy
  (4) Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Foggia, Foggia - Italy

• The nature of water: Thales’ arkhe
  

  Natale G. De Santo¹, Carmela Bisaccia², Giancarlo Bilancio¹, Mercedes Romano¹, Massimo Cirillo³

  (1) First Division of Nephrology, Second University of Naples, Naples - Italy
  (2) Istituto Mazzini, Naples - Italy
  (3) First Chair of Nephrology, Second University of Naples, Naples - Italy

• The nature of water: excerpts from Pythagoras, Xenophanes, Heraclitus and Parmenides
  

  Carmela Bisaccia¹, Rosa Maria De Santo², Giancarlo Bilancio³, Pietro Anastasio⁴, Alessandra Perna⁴, Luca Salvatore De Santo⁵

  (1) Istituto Mazzini, Naples - Italy
  (2) Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Filosofici, Naples - Italy
  (3) First Division of Nephrology, Second University of Naples, Naples - Italy
  (4) Division of Nephrology, Second University of Naples, Naples - Italy
  (5) Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Foggia, Foggia - Italy

• Historical perspective on the role of the kidney in acid-base regulation
  

  Miroslaw J. Smogorzewski¹

  (1) Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California - USA

• Thomas Addis, 1881-1949, clinical scientist, hematologist and pioneering nephrologist: a brief biography
  

  Christopher R. Blagg¹

  (1) University of Washington and Northwest Kidney Centers, Seattle, Washington, USA

• Blackwater fever: the rise and fall of an exotic disease
  

  Charles R.P. George¹

  (1) Concord Hospital, and Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney - Australia

• Francophone clinical nephrology from 1945 to 1960
  

  Gabriel Richet¹

  (1) Academie Nationale de Medicine, Paris - France

• Low salt diet and treatment of hypertension: an old story
  

  Massimo Cirillo¹, Luigi Del Giudice¹, Giancarlo Bilancio¹, Maria Domenica Franzese¹, Natale G. De Santo¹

  (1) Unit of Nephrology, Second University of Naples, Naples - Italy

• Diet and the kidney
  

  Francesco Francini-Pesenti¹, Lorenzo A. Calò², Cristina Fiore¹, Paolo Mormino², Vincenzo Savica³, Paul A. Davis⁴

  (1) Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedale Padova, Padova - Italy
  (2) Clinica Medica 4, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedale Padova, Padova - Italy
  (3) Department of Nephrology, University of Messina, Messina - Italy
  (4) Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, California - USA

• Nephrology and Doctors Honoris Causa at P. J. Šafárik University in Košice in the years 1993-2006 (Slovak Republic)
  

  Miroslav Mydlík¹, Katarína Derzsiová¹, Julius Vajó²

  (1) Fourth Internal Clinic, Faculty Hospital of L. Pasteur and Medical Faculty of P. J. Šafárik University, Košice - Slovak Republic
  (2) Second Surgical Clinic, Medical Faculty of P. J. Šafárik University, Košice - Slovak Republic

• The Mediterranean diet: a matter of history, tradition, culture and health
  

  Luigi Vernaglione¹

  (1) Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, “M. Giannuzzi” Hospital of Manduria, Taranto - Italy

• Klaus Hierholzer (1929-2007) and his impact on our understanding of the renal effects of steroid hormones
  

  Natale G. De Santo¹, Michael Fromm², Ferdinando Russo³, Michael Wiederholt²

  (1) Interdepartmental Center for Clinical Research, Second University of Naples, Naples - Italy
  (2) Institute of Clinical Physiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité, Berlin - Germany
  (3) Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Frederick II, Naples - Italy