Vol. S17 — Supplemento S17 2011

• On the usefulness of the history of nephrology
  

  Garabed Eknoyan¹, Boleslaw Rutkowski², Guido Bellinghieri³, Shaul Massry⁴, Marek Muszytowski⁵, Natale G. De Santo⁶

  (1) Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas - USA
  (2) Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk - Poland
  (3) Department and Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, University of Messina, Messina - Italy
  (4) Division of Nephrology, Keck School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California - USA
  (5) Department of Nephrology and Internal Medicine, Rydygier Hospital, Torun - Poland
  (6) Department of Nephrology, Second University of Naples and Italian Institute for Philosophical Studies, Naples – Italy

• Jean-Martin Charcot: neurologist by avocation, nephrologist by yearning
  

  Garabed Eknoyan¹

  (1) Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas – USA

• Medicine in the Encyclopédie (1751-1780) of Diderot and d’Alembert
  

  Natale G. De Santo¹, Carmela Bisaccia², Massimo Cirillo³, Gabriel Richet⁴

  (1) First Chair of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples – Italy and Italian Institute for Philosophical Studies, Naples - Italy
  (2) Mazzini Institute Naples, Naples - Italy
  (3) Chair of Nephrology, University of Salerno, Salerno - Italy
  (4) Académie de Médecine, Paris - France

• Nicolaus Copernicus: not only a great astronomer but also a physician
  

  Boleslaw Rutkowski¹, Marek Muszytowski², Janusz Ostrowski³

  (1) Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University, Gdansk - Poland
  (2) Department of Nephrology, Collegium Medicum University of Torun, Torun - Poland
  (3) Diaverum Dialysis Unit, Wloclawek - Poland

• Was the famous astronomer Copernicus also a nephrologist
  

  Julia Popowska-Drojecka¹, Marek Muszytowski², Boleslaw Rutkowski³

  (1) Department of Nephrology and Internal Medicine, ?Rydygier Hospital, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ?Torun - Poland
  (2) Department of Nephrology and Internal Medicine, Rydygier Hospital, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun - Poland
  (3) Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University, Gdansk – Poland

• Nephrology in A Medicinal Dictionary of Robert James (1703-1776)
  

  Carmela Bisaccia¹, Natale G. De Santo², Massimo Cirillo³, Alessandra Perna⁴, Rosalba De Santo⁵, Gabriel Richet⁶

  (1) Istituto Mazzini, Naples - Italy
  (2) Chair of Nephrology, Second University of Naples, Naples - Italy and Italian Institute for Philosophical Studies, Naples - Italy
  (3) Chair of Nephrology, University of Salerno, Salerno - Italy
  (4) Chair of Nephrology, Second University of Naples, Naples - Italy
  (5) Luigia Velotti Institute, Casoria - Italy
  (6) Académie de Médecine, Paris - France

• Karl Peter’s fundamental contribution to the structural organization of the kidney
  

  August Heidland¹, Andrè Klassen¹, Gholamreza Fazeli², Katarina Sebekova³, Udo Bahner⁴

  (1) Department of Internal Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg - Germany
  (2) Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg - Germany
  (3) Institute of Molecular BioMedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
  (4) KfH Kidney Centre, Würzburg - Germany

• Leon Marchlewski: one of the precursors of clinical chemistry
  

  Janusz Ostrowski¹, Marek Muszytowski², Boleslaw Rutkowski³

  (1) Third Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Voivodship Hospital, Wloclawek - Poland
  (2) Clinical Departments of Nephrology and Internal ?Medicine, Voivodship Hospital, Torun - Poland
  (3) Departments of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk - ?Poland

• Thomas Addis, MD (1881-1949): Scottish-American clinical laboratory researcher, social activist and pioneer of renal med
  

  Frank E. Boulton¹

  (1) National Blood Service, Southampton - UK

• Tadeusz Orlowski: founder of nephrology and kidney transplantation in Poland
  

  Miroslaw J. Smogorzewski¹

  (1) Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California - USA

• Jan Brod and his contributions to hypertension and nephrology
  

  Miroslav Mydlík¹

  (1) Fourth Internal Clinic, University Hospital of L. Pasteur and Institute of Experimental Medicine, Medical School of P. J. Šafárik University, Košice - Slovak Republic

• Tracing the roots of the idea of dialysis: a leap of 20 centuries – from “catharsis” to dialysis
  

  Athanasios A. Diamandopoulos¹, Pavlos C. Goudas¹

  (1) Renal Unit, St. Andrew’s General State Hospital, Patras - Greece

• The 50th anniversary of long-term hemodialysis: University of Washington Hospital, March 9th, 1960
  

  Christopher R. Blagg¹

  (1) University of Washington and Northwest Kidney Centers, Seattle, Washington - USA

• Unknown Polish pioneers of peritoneal dialysis
  

  Janusz Ostrowski¹, Boleslaw Rutkowski², Marek Muszytowski³

  (1) Diaverum Dialysis Unit, Wloclawek - Poland
  (2) Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk - Poland
  (3) Clinical Department of Nephrology and Internal Medicine, Voivodship Hospital, Torun - Poland

• History of nephrology and renal replacement therapy in Korea
  

  Hi Bahl Lee¹

  (1) Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Kim’s Clinic and Dialysis Unit, Miryang - Korea

• History of renal replacement therapy in Baltic countries
  

  Vytautas Kuzminskis¹, Mai Rosenberg², Harijs Cernevskis³, Inga Arune Bumblyte¹

  (1) Department of Nephrology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas - Lithuania
  (2) Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu - Estonia
  (3) Department of Internal Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Riga - Latvia

• History of circumcision: a religious obligation or a medical necessity
  

  Shaul G. Massry¹

  (1) Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California - USA

• Byzantine doctrines on uroscopy in the Liber Orinalibus of Hermogenes (codex 69 Montecassino)
  

  Luigi Iorio¹, Mario Lamagna²

  (1) Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, St. Scholastica ?Hospital, Cassino - Italy
  (2) Department of Classical Philology “F. Amaldi”, University Federico II, Naples - Italy

• A 15th-century treatise on kidney affections and their treatment? A first approach
  

  Alain Touwaide¹

  (1) Smithsonian Institution and Institute for the Preservation of Medical Traditions, Washington, DC - USA

• On some exotic urine colors in ancient and Byzantine Greek literature
  

  Pavlos C. Goudas¹, Athanasios A. Diamandopoulos¹

  (1) Renal Unit, St. Andrew’s General State Hospital, Patras - Greece

• Urine therapy through the centuries
  

  Vincenzo Savica¹, Lorenzo A. Calò², Domenico Santoro³, Paolo Monardo⁴, Agostino Mallamace³, Guido Bellinghieri³

  (1) Department of Nephrology, University of Messina, Messina - Italy and Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Papardo Hospital, Messina - Italy
  (2) Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinica Medica 4, University of Padova, Padova - Italy
  (3) Department of Nephrology, University of Messina, Messina - Italy
  (4) Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Papardo Hospital, Messina - Italy

• Mercury and the kidney
  

  Charles R.P. George¹

  (1) Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales - Australia and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales - Australia

• Development of the concept of pain in history
  

  Domenico Santoro¹, Guido Bellinghieri², Vincenzo Savica¹

  (1) Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, University of Messina, Messina - Italy
  (2) Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Unit of Nephrologyand Dialysis, University of Messina, Messina - Italy